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According to an RJC auditor, suppliers only require to pledge that they carry out strong civils rights due diligence, however do not give any kind of proof for this. Neither does the Code of Practices call for jewelersor other downstream companiesto have traceability or chain of safekeeping of their gold or diamonds. The Code of Practices is likewise weak in other substantive areas, for instance, on aboriginal peoples' rights and on resettlement.

For example, in March 2017, the RJC had 342 participants who had not (yet) completed the audit process that certifies conformity with the Code of Practices. In addition, business can join at any kind of degree of their procedures. A tiny subsidiary workplace of a large jewelry company might apply for RJC membership, without consisting of the rest of the company's entities.

Lastly, the Code of Practices does not require business to publicly report on the concrete actions they have required to carry out due diligencea core demand of the OECD Advice. Its coverage responsibilities are vague and do not point out due diligence or the need for business to report on the actions they have actually required to recognize, assess, and minimize dangers in their supply chains

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A second RJC requirement, the Chain-of-Custody Standard, promotes traceability and is much more extensive, however adherence to it is optional for RJC participants. By early 2018, only 48 of over 1,000 member business had accredited entities under the criterion, consisting of 13 jewelry experts. The Chain-of-Custody Criterion calls for firms to develop docudrama proof of organization transactions along the supply chain and to verify they are not triggering unfavorable effects in conflict-affected and risky areas.

Instead, companies are enabled to pick some "entities" under their control for certification, leaving other entities of a company uncertified. While this may allow for business to slowly switch to even more liable sourcing practices, the current method also carries the danger that an entire company delights in the reputational benefit when the majority of operations is not in conformity with the criterion.

All RJC participant companies have to undergo an audit to show that they are compliant with the Code of Practices, and to receive qualification. Those business that choose to get accreditation for the Chain-of-Custody Standard need to go through a separate audit. Audits are based largely on an evaluation of the firm's composed plans and paperwork, and visits to a "depictive collection" of facilities.

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It is not an extensive evaluation regarding whether the business actually applies or follows by its policies throughout its operations. Huge companies might have operations in multiple nations, and rely on several providers, however still might get RJC certification based on brows through to only a couple of facilities under its straight control without any exam of numerous others.

Although audits are meant to include concerns on a wide variety of civils rights, auditors are not constantly qualified human civil liberties experts. As soon as the auditors complete their report, they only submit view it a recap record of the audit to the RJC, not the full audit report, which is shared only with the firm



While labor abuses are extensive in the field, artisanal mines provide income for countless workers and countless mining neighborhoods. Human being Rights Watch believes that the jewelry sector should aim to make sure that their efforts to reduce supply chain civils rights risks do not lead them to merely omit all artisanal vendors from their supply chains as the "path of least resistance." Instead, they should sustain initiatives to define and professionalize artisanal mines and boost functioning problems.

The OECD Fee Diligence Assistance acknowledges this and is promoting cost-sharing within the industry. This way, all firms along the supply chain share the monetary burden. A variety of campaigns have emerged that can help jewelers map their gold and rubies to mines of origin, and more properly source from the artisanal sector.

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Regarding 600 grown-up miners have been registered at six mine sites; kids can not register. Certification of specific mines versus liable sourcing requirements can offer jewelers with better guarantee that the gold or rubies they acquire from those mines are not tainted by human rights misuses. Nongovernmental companies such as Solidaridad and influence can play a crucial role in sustaining mines to enhance practices so they are able to abide by the criterion; this may consist of actions to take on kid labor, improve ecological conduct, accessibility money, and develop straight contact with customers.

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Two standardscertify artisanal and small gold mines that adhere to human rights, labor rights, and environmental standardsthe Fairmined Criterion and the Fairtrade Gold Standard. Both require third-party audits of specific mines. The Fairmined Criterion was introduced by the Alliance for Responsible Mining (ARM) in 2014. Depending upon the consumer's license with Fairmined, the gold may be fully traceable to the mine of beginning, or might be combined with various other gold.


This quantity is just a little fraction of the gold utilized every year by several of the firms analyzed in this report. As of early 2018, eight mines in four countries (Bolivia, Colombia, Mongolia, and Peru) were accredited, with an extra 20 mining organizations working in the direction of qualification. The Fairmined Gold Criterion is presently establishing a new "market entry" requirement that seeks to aid artisanal cash cow while doing so in the direction of full qualification.

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It is provided under the umbrella of Fairtrade International, and enables jewelers to trace their gold back right to the mine of beginning. Fairtrade's initial qualified mines remained in Peru. Over the last couple of years, the Fairtrade Foundation, Solidaridad, and other NGOs carried out a program of training and assistance to artisanal and small gold miners in Africa, and in very early 2017, licensed an artisanal cash cow in Uganda.

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